Is the traditional landline telephone dead?

by Jon Lober | NOC Technology

Recent deregulation in the US phone market means that the sun is setting on the reign of plain old telephone systems.

After a remarkable run, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) is reaching the end of its road. Nearly 150 years ago, traditional telephones revolutionized human communication. By sending analog signals along copper wires, callers were able to accomplish in minutes what might have previously taken weeks or months by letter. In the United States, POTS dominated the voice communication industry through the same technology for well over 100 years. However, the rise of cell phones and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) systems over the past two decades have finally toppled the copper king from his throne. 

 

The decline of POTS began more than 20 years ago as homes and businesses gradually abandoned landline phones in favor of other options. In addition, a recent FCC (Federal Communications Commission) order has now removed POTS’s final lifeline.


Trends at Home and at Work

The reign of POTS reached its full glory around the turn of the millennium. In 1999, landline use crescendoed at more than 180 million end users. However, as mobile phone technology matured during the same period, it began to siphon off users from landlines to cellular phones. This steady drip away from POTS quickly became a torrent. In less than 20 years, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that by 2017 the average American home was spending four times more on their cell phones than their landlines. Over the past fifteen decades, the vast majority of homes abandoned their landlines in favor of wireless options. 


Chart: Data from the CDC National Center for Health Statistics NHIS (now archived)

While the wireless phone revolution was happening at home, VoIP technology was taking over at work. VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) uses the internet to connect callers instead of physical connections through copper wires. The opportunity to save money while increasing productivity was an easy decision for many businesses. According to the FCC, from 2008 to 2017, business reliance on POTS fell by 49% while business adoption of VoIP rose an incredible 1062%. 

 

The FCC Removes POTS Lifeline

In 1996, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was drafted by Congress and approved by President Bill Clinton. This wide-sweeping bill was primarily designed to overhaul the regulatory framework of the telecom industry, promote healthy competition in local markets, and ensure quality and reliability for end users. For legacy phone service providers, this meant that they were legally required to maintain their networks, equipment, and services, which included the consistent provision of telephone service through analog copper wires. 

 

Over the following years, VoIP and cell phones advanced rapidly. As upstart and legacy service providers began to provide additional services through these technologies, they assumed the double burden of development costs for new technologies in addition to the responsibility of maintaining expensive, aging copper wire infrastructure. As companies struggled to balance the growth of the new and the maintenance of the old, they began to increase their pressure on the FCC to allow them to abandon the older systems and focus on the new superior VoIP and cellular systems. 

 

According to a 2021 article in the Journal of Innovation and Sustainability, as early as 2009, AT&T had requested that the FCC abandon POTS altogether by 2020.  Just a few years later, in 2013 the FCC itself predicted that POTS would be dead by 2023, though the projected phase out dates in 2018 came and went without event. However, in 2019 the FCC released a significant Memorandum Opinion and Order. 

 

In technical terms, Memorandum FCC 19-72 issued a forbearance of existing maintenance obligations for phone service providers established in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. This essentially released legacy phone service providers from the responsibility of maintaining POTS systems since viable alternatives such as VoIP are now available. 

 

In its decision, the FCC was explicit in its desire to that the industry abandon POTS and expand VoIP and similar technologies. Their view was not only that the requirement for legacy providers to maintain POTS analog service “can no longer be justified as relevant or necessary,” but that it was actually “unnecessary and counterproductive in light of technology transitions, the competitive landscape for voice communications services and capabilities, including especially interconnected VoIP…” 

 

In other words, the FCC declared that POTS was defunct and dying and that VoIP was already ascending to take its rightful place. 

 

The King is dead. Long live the King.

While POTS may not technically be dead yet, it is certainly on its deathbed. The FCC order allowed for a three-year transition period, which was completed in August 2022. The transition period simply meant that during that time frame, legacy providers were required to continue to offer POTS as a service to customers. Now that we are beyond that date, phone companies no longer have any obligation to offer that service and as a result, legacy phone service providers have been rapidly abandoning expensive POTS systems in favor of VoIP. 

 

POTS will likely endure in a few niche instances due to other FCC rules requiring alternative forms of access for disability services, fire/security alarms, medical devices, and emergency services. However, the reign of POTS as the golden standard in voice communications is now coming to an end. Most users have already made the switch to VoIP, are considering the switch, or may potentially even be forced to switch by their carrier in the coming years as they abandon POTS in favor of VoIP. 

Tech upgrades that will boost employee safety in sheltered workshops
By Jon Lober April 15, 2025
At NOC Technology, we've worked with Missouri sheltered workshops for over seven years, and I've witnessed firsthand how the right technological implementations can transform sheltered workshop environments. Today, I'd like to share some insights on leveraging modern technology to create safer workspaces while maintaining the dignity and privacy of all participants. The Unique Safety Challenges of Sheltered Workshops Sheltered workshops provide valuable employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities, but they also present unique safety considerations. Workers may have varying levels of physical mobility, cognitive processing, and sensory perception—all of which can impact how they respond to traditional safety measures. Additionally, the production environments often involve machinery, tools, and materials that require careful monitoring and management. The Role of Smart Technology in Safety Advancements in smart technology provide real-time safety monitoring, immediate alerts for potential hazards, and improved emergency response times. Let’s explore some key technologies and their benefits in sheltered workshop environments. Personalized Alert Systems Traditional emergency alarms can be overwhelming for individuals with sensory sensitivities. Smart alert systems can deliver personalized notifications through: Vibrating wristbands that alert workers without auditory overload Visual notification systems with customizable colors and patterns Tablet-based communication for workers who benefit from visual cues Location-specific alerts that only notify those in affected areas We recently implemented a multi-modal alert system at a workshop in central Missouri that reduced anxiety-related incidents during emergency drills by 65% . Environmental Monitoring Maintaining optimal environmental conditions is crucial for both safety and productivity: Temperature and humidity sensors that automatically adjust HVAC systems Air quality monitors that detect potentially harmful particulates Noise level monitoring to prevent sensory overload Automated ventilation systems that activate when chemical levels exceed thresholds These systems not only protect workers but also provide documented compliance with OSHA regulations. Enhanced Supervision through Smart Cameras Security cameras have evolved beyond simple surveillance. Modern systems can: Detect unusual patterns that might indicate a worker in distress Monitor restricted areas without constant staff presence Identify when machinery is being used incorrectly Alert supervisors to potential safety hazards Important note: All camera systems should be implemented with strict privacy protocols and transparent policies. Workers and guardians should be fully informed about what is being monitored and why. In many cases, audio cannot be recorded, and the camera system must be configured to meet this requirement. Wearable Safety Technology Wearable devices offer personalized safety monitoring without stigmatization: Fall detection pendants that automatically alert staff Location tracking that helps locate workers in emergency situations Biometric monitoring for workers with health conditions Proximity sensors that prevent accidental entry into hazardous areas These wearables can be designed to look like standard ID badges or watches, preserving dignity while enhancing safety. Implementation Best Practices Successfully integrating smart technology into sheltered workshops requires careful planning: Involve all stakeholders: Workers, guardians, and staff should participate in selecting and implementing new technologies. Prioritize simplicity: Choose solutions that require minimal training and maintenance. Phase in gradually: Introduce new technologies in stages to allow everyone time to adapt. Balance automation with human oversight: Technology should supplement, not replace, trained staff. Respect privacy: Collect only essential data and maintain strong security protocols.
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